Sudden Vision Loss in a Normal Eye
Sudden vision loss is an emergency and can have many causes, such as a blocked blood vessel, bleeding inside the eye or retinal detachment. Even if there is no pain, see an eye doctor or go to A&E without delay.
Why is it an emergency?
For some causes, the earlier treatment starts, the lower the risk of permanent damage. If vision suddenly drops in one or both eyes, see an eye doctor or go to A&E straight away, even if there is no pain.
Blocked blood vessels
- Retinal artery occlusion: the vessel supplying the retina is blocked by a clot. It is uncommon but very urgent, and mostly affects people with heart and vascular disease.
- Retinal vein occlusion: more common; bleeding in the retina blurs vision. With follow-up and treatment, vision often improves; blood pressure and cardiovascular health should also be checked.
Bleeding inside the eye and retinal detachment
- Vitreous haemorrhage: blood leaks from a retinal vessel into the gel inside the eye, mostly in diabetes and sometimes in high blood pressure.
- Retinal detachment: the retina comes away from its position, usually because of a tear. It may go unnoticed until it reaches the centre of vision (the macula); caught early, it can be repaired surgically.
Other causes
- Eye injuries
- Problems with the optic nerve or the visual centre of the brain
- Methanol poisoning from counterfeit alcohol
Frequently asked questions
Is painless sudden vision loss also an emergency?
Yes. Even without pain, see an eye doctor or go to A&E straight away.
Can retinal detachment progress unnoticed?
Yes, it may go unnoticed until it reaches the macula; caught early, it can be repaired surgically.
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This page is for general information only and does not replace a medical consultation. Anatomy and treatment plans differ from patient to patient.