Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is abnormal development of the retinal blood vessels in babies born early. Because untreated ROP can cause serious sight loss, at-risk babies should have eye screening on time.
What is ROP?
A normal pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks. According to the World Health Organization, babies born before 37 completed weeks are premature. The earlier the birth, the higher the risk of eye problems.
In a baby born early, the blood vessels at the edge of the retina may stop developing, and irregular vessels and fibrous tissue can form instead. Untreated, this can lead to retinal detachment and serious sight loss, and in some cases blindness.
Which babies are screened?
The risk is especially high in babies with very low birth weight and those needing intensive oxygen therapy. Under Türkiye's national screening criteria:
- Babies born at 34 weeks or earlier or weighing 1700 g or less are screened.
- Larger babies with an unstable clinical course are screened on the neonatologist's advice.
- The first examination is done 4 weeks after birth or at 31 weeks postmenstrual age, whichever is later.
Treatment and follow-up
The retina is examined with special techniques. If ROP needing treatment is found, the main options are:
- Laser treatment
- Anti-VEGF injection: a medicine injected into the eye to suppress abnormal blood vessel growth
The choice depends on the stage of the disease. These babies need regular eye follow-up in later years too, and check-ups should not be missed.
Frequently asked questions
Which babies are screened for ROP?
In Türkiye, babies born at 34 weeks or earlier or weighing 1700 g or less, and larger babies when needed.
When is the first eye exam?
4 weeks after birth or at 31 weeks postmenstrual age, whichever is later.
How is ROP treated?
When needed, with laser treatment or anti-VEGF injection, followed by regular follow-up.
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This page is for general information only and does not replace a medical consultation. Anatomy and treatment plans differ from patient to patient.