Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels of the retina caused by diabetes, and it can reduce vision. Regular retinal examinations are key to early diagnosis; treatment includes laser, eye injections and, when needed, surgery.
How Does Diabetes Affect the Eye?
Diabetes can damage the blood vessels of the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye; this is called diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes is sometimes first spotted during a routine retinal examination.
- Swelling of the central retina (macula): gradual loss of vision
- Bleeding inside the eye: sudden loss of vision
- Cataract at a younger age
Risk Factors
- High blood sugar
- Rapid swings in blood sugar
- How long you have had diabetes
- High blood pressure and cholesterol (can speed it up)
Stages and Treatment
The disease starts with tiny bulges in the blood vessels. At this stage it can regress with good blood sugar control and diet.
Once bleeding and macular swelling develop, further treatment is needed:
- Laser treatment
- Eye injections that reduce new vessel growth and swelling
- More extensive surgery for heavy bleeding in advanced stages
In advanced disease the aim is to slow progression and protect sight.
Regular Retinal Screening
People with diabetes should have retinal examinations at the intervals advised by their eye doctor, even without symptoms. Additional tests such as fluorescein angiography are carried out when needed.
Frequently asked questions
Can diabetic retinopathy be treated?
In the early stage it can regress with blood sugar control. In later stages laser, injections and surgery aim to slow progression and protect sight.
How often should I have an eye examination?
At the intervals your eye doctor recommends, based on the stage of your disease.
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This page is for general information only and does not replace a medical consultation. Anatomy and treatment plans differ from patient to patient.