Glaucoma and Blindness
Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve and causes irreversible loss of the visual field, usually without any symptoms. With early diagnosis and treatment, sight can be preserved for many years.
Why Is Glaucoma Called Silent?
In glaucoma the optic nerve is damaged over time. The field of vision narrows first, while sharp central vision can be kept until the late stages. The loss is irreversible.
Unless eye pressure rises suddenly and steeply, there is no pain or other symptom. In some people the nerve is damaged even though measured pressure is normal (normal-tension glaucoma).
Who Should Be Screened?
Glaucoma can be present from birth or appear in childhood, but it is most common after 40. It can be missed at a routine glasses check.
- Everyone over 40 should have a glaucoma check at least once a year, even without symptoms.
- People with a family history of glaucoma should be checked more often.
Diagnosis and Monitoring
Alongside eye pressure measurement and examination of the back of the eye, visual field testing and OCT (retinal nerve fibre analysis) are used.
Why Early Diagnosis Matters
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide (cataract is the leading cause of reversible blindness). With early diagnosis and regular treatment, sight can be preserved for many years.
Frequently asked questions
Does glaucoma cause symptoms?
Usually not; central vision can stay clear until the late stages. That is why regular screening matters.
Can sight lost to glaucoma be restored?
No, the loss is irreversible, but early diagnosis and treatment can preserve remaining sight for many years.
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This page is for general information only and does not replace a medical consultation. Anatomy and treatment plans differ from patient to patient.